Types of research design
From NuclearWiki
1. CASE REPORTS
2. ECOLOGIC
3. CROSS-SECTIONAL: assesses a group of people via personal interview, survey, or examination to determine if they have the disease and to determine if they have had the exposure
a. PRO: exposure and disease measured in the same person
b. PRO: good at measuring prevalence
c. CON: can only measure prevalent cases, which may exclude those who die soon after the disease
d. CON: temporal relationships cannot be established.
4. CASE-CONTROL: an observational study comparing the history of exposure in the cases compared with the history of exposure in the controls.
a. retrospective
b. subjects selected based upon DISEASE status
c. then history of exposure is obtained.
d. cases should be representative of people with the disease
e. controls should be representative of the healthy population
f. CON: can examine multiple exposures but only 1 outcome
g. CON: appropriate controls are hard to find
h. CON: unable to determine incidence
5. COHORT
a. can examine multiple outcomes of a single exposure
b. can determine temporal relationship between exposure and disease
c. subjects selected based upon EXPOSURE status. They do not have the disease at baseline.
d. able to determine incidence of disease in exposed and unexposed groups
e. over time, see who gets the disease.
f. can be assembled in the present and followed into the future: a concurrent cohort
g. can be identified from past records and followed forward: a historical cohort
6. RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
7. MODIFIERS
a. prospective vs retrospective. b. (single / double) blinded vs open
